Second, the standardization enabled meaningful comparisons acrosscase images where the underlying risk may be different. For example,working at heights or working in confined spaces may be inherentlyriskier than other standard tasks. The standardization of the responsesensured that the interpretation is based on the amount of deviationobserved in a worker’s response from the average response of all participatingworkers (i.e., for a particular case image). For example, ifbased on the responses of a worker for a particular case image, thecalculated safety risk perception score prior to the standardization was0.24 and the average of all participating workers for the same caseimage was 0.08 with a standard deviation of 0.1, then the computedstandardized score will be 1.6 (i.e., using Eq. (7)). This value willsuggest that the worker perceived higher levels of safety risk than theaverage worker (i.e., value is positive), and the perceived risk is 1.6standard deviations above the average response of all workers.