助人行為的決策歷程(Darley & Latané, 1968)步驟一

助人行為的決策歷程
(Darley & Latané, 1968)
步驟一：
注意
步驟二：
對事件解釋
步驟三：
承擔責任
步驟五：
決定幫助
步驟四：
知道如何著手
時間壓力
分心
情況不明
多數人的無知
旁觀者效應
責任分散
缺乏專業能力
或相關知識
社會性因素考量
(ex：他人評價、對本身不利的後果等等)
事件發生

二、居住環境：城市與鄉鎮的差異
• 在小城鎮中獲得幫助的可能性較高。
• 城市負荷過度假說(urban-overload hypothesis)
– 在城市中生活的人，週遭的環境充滿了各種刺激及訊息，若需對所有刺激或訊息都加以注意或處理，一定會負荷過度。因此生活在大都市的人們多半只選擇個人關心在意的訊息加以處理，對其他刺激則予以忽略，而這種處理方式，很容易就使我們忽視了他人的狀況。

三、情境中的模範角色
• 助人行為是否會出現，也與所處的情境中是否有助人的模範角色（role model）有關。
• 模範角色除了提供了「行為」供我們學習模仿之外，也可打破我們擔心在眾人之前出醜或招致負面後果的疑慮
• 所謂的模範角色未必一定要是真實人物，甚也可是卡通人物 （Phemister,1987）

第三節 影響助人行為的個人因素
助人者
情境因素對幫助行為的出現有影婪但有些研究也指出，有些人甚至在情境
因素不利於幫助行為時也能提供幫助，但也有些人，即使在最有利的條件
下也未能提供幫助，因此助人者本身的個別差異確貴影響幫助行為的出現。
(1)人格因素
(2)情緒
(3)罪惡感
(4)個人的困擾及同理心的關懷

結果 (英文) 1:

The decision-making process of helping behavior(Darley & Latané, 1968)Step one:AttentionStep two:Explanation of eventsStep three:Take responsibilityStep five:Decided to helpStep four:Know how to go about itTime pressureDistractionUnknownMost people's ignoranceBystander effectTo spread theLack of professional abilityOr equivalent knowledgeSocial factors to consider(Ex: evaluation of others, the adverse consequences and so on)Events Second, living environment: differences in cities and towns• Get help in the small town of probabilities.• Urban overload hypothesis (urban-overload hypothesis)– People who live in the city, the surrounding environment full of stimuli and information, if needs the attention to all stimuli or message or will overload. So most of the people living in large cities select only personal care messages addressed to other stimuli were ignored, and in this way, it is easy to make us lose sight of other people's conditions. Three, the situation in the role model• Helping behavior is there, and the situation of people in role model (role model).• Role model in addition to the "behavior" outside for us to learn to imitate or break our worry infamy or incur negative consequences before all doubts• The so-called role model may not be real people, or cartoon characters (Phemister,1987) Section III effects of the personal factors helping behaviorHelp others who Situational factors on helping behavior appears a shadow of greed but some studies also point out that some people even in the context of Factors conducive to helping behavior can also help, but also those who, even in the most favourable conditions Also failed to provide help, help others who own your individual differences affect the behavior of help appears. (1) the personality factor (2) as (3) the guilt(4) plagued by personal concern and empathy

結果 (英文) 2:

Helping behavior decision journey
(Darley & Latané, 1968)
Step one:
Note
Step two:
the incident explained
Step three:
take responsibility
Step Five:
decided to help
Step four:
know how to proceed with
time pressure
distract
unknown
majority ignorant
bystander effect of
diffusion of responsibility
lack of expertise
or knowledge relevant
social factors to consider
(ex: evaluation of others, for their adverse consequences, etc.)
occurred Second, the living environment: urban and township difference • the possibility to obtain assistance in relatively small towns high. • Urban overworked hypothesis (Urban-overload hypothesis) - People living in the city, the surrounding environment is filled with a variety of stimuli and messages, or messages For all stimuli have care or treatment, will be overworked. Therefore, people living in metropolitan mostly personal care to select only care about the message to be addressed to other stimuli are to be ignored, and this approach, it is easy to make us lose sight of other people's health. Third, the context of role models • Helping Behavior and whether there will be, and also whether the context in which people help role model (role model) related. • In addition to providing a role model "behavior" for us to learn to imitate the outside, but also break before we worry about all the negative consequences incurred fool or doubts • The so-called role models, if not necessarily real people, but also even cartoon characters (Phemister, 1987) Section influence helping behavior of individual factors Samaritan contextual factors in helping the emergence of shadowy avaricious behavior but some studies have pointed out that some people even in the context of disincentives can also provide help when help behavior, but some people, even in the most favorable conditions under also failed to provide help, so individual differences helping themselves indeed appear to help influence your behavior. (1) personality factors (2) emotional (3) guilt (4) personal distress and empathy care

結果 (英文) 3:

Decision making process of helping behavior(Darley & Latan, 1968)Step one:be carefulStep two:Interpretation of eventsStep three:Take responsibilityStep five:Decide to helpStep four:Know how to handTime pressuredistractionThe situation is unknownMost people"s ignoranceBystander effectDecentralized responsibilityLack of professional competenceOr related knowledgeConsideration of social factors(ex: the evaluation of others, the consequences of their own adverse effects, etc.)Event occurrenceTwo, living environment: the difference between cities and townsThe possibility of getting help in small towns is high.City overload hypothesis (hypothesis urban-overload)People living in the city, the surrounding environment is full of all kinds of stimulation and information, if you need to pay attention or deal with all the stimuli or messages, will overload. Therefore, people living in the metropolitan areas of the people only choose to care about the message to deal with other stimuli, to be ignored, and this approach, it is easy to ignore the situation of others.Three, the role of the situation in the situationWhether the behavior of helping people will appear, but also with the situation in which the role of the role model model (role) in the relevant.- as a role model, in addition to providing "the behavior" for us to learn to imitate, break we worry about in public embarrassment or lead to doubts about the negative consequences ofThe so-called role model may not necessarily be a real person, but also a cartoon character (Phemister, 1987).Third individual factors influencing the behavior of helping othersHelping othersThe situational factors help behavior effects of greed but some studies also pointed out that some people even in the situationFactors that are detrimental to helping behavior can also provide help, but also some people, even in the most favorable conditionsIt also fails to provide help, so that the individual differences in the individual"s own individual differences affect the appearance of the help behavior.(1) personality factors(2) emotion(3) the sense of guilt(4) personal distress and empathy