Aggression is perceived as a mounting problem in healthcare (Hahnet al., 2008). Exposure to aggression may lead to post-traumatic stressdisorder, burnout, heightened stress levels and intention to leave theprofession (Deery et al., 2011; Gates et al., 2011).Aggression may surface as ‘h orizontal violence’ or ‘bullying’ bycolleagues or managers, or as ‘patient or visitor aggression’ (PVA)(Wiskow, 2003). Workplace aggression can be defined as…Incidents where staff are abused, threatened or assaulted in circum-stances related to their work, including commuting to and from work,involving an expl icit or implicit challenge to their safety, well-beingor health” (Wynne et al., 1997). [This] includes physical an