Human beings are communal animals w

Human beings are communal animals with innate desires to be with and interact with others of our species. We establish and maintain familial, tribal, and community bonds. We express our thoughts, our feelings, and our aspirations. We share our observations and interpretations of the world about us. We communicate in many ways – speech, gestures, art, music, performance, text, and photography. If we are unable to use one form of communication to effectively connect, we find another, because communication with others is fundamental to who and what we are as humans.The development of communication capabilities became a natural element that promoted collective life and created capacities that made humans one of the most social species. Our abilities to cooperate, preserve, and pass on knowledge, ideas, and concerns far surpass those of other species and have given us distinct advantages in self-domestication and development (Bowles & Gintis, 20136. Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (2013). A cooperative species: Human reciprocity and its evolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.For millennia, we gathered around fires and told the stories of our ancestors and others about us. We chanted, sang, and danced together. We fished, hunted, and farmed, passing on our knowledge of those skills to others. We sewed hides and cloth and gossiped about others. We ate together and talked of developments in our lives and how we should respond to them. Facile and informal communication with family, friends, and others in the community was the norm.

Even today, oral communication of culture and knowledge continues to be practiced in tribal settings, private life, and organisations (Ong, 200231. Ong, W. J. (2002). Orality and literacy.

結果 (英文) 3:

人类是与生俱来的动物，与我们物种的其他人互动。我们建立和维持家族，部落和社区债券。我们表达我们的思想，我们的感觉，和我们的愿望。我们分享我们对世界的观察和解释。我们在许多方面进行交流，语言、手势、艺术、音乐、表演、文字和摄影。如果我们不能用一种形式的交流来有效地连接，我们找到另一种，因为与他人的沟通是我们人类的基础，沟通能力的发展成为一种自然元素，促进了集体生活和创造能力，使人类成为社会最重要的物种之一。我们的能力合作，保存和传递知识，思想，和关注远远超过了其他的物种，给了我们在自我驯化和开发独特的优势（鲍尔斯Gintis，20136。鲍尔斯，S.，& Gintis，H（2013）。合作物种：人的互惠性及其演化。普林斯顿，纽约：普林斯顿大学出版社。几千年来，我们围绕火灾的故事告诉我们的祖先和其他关于我们。我们唱，唱，跳舞一起。我们捕鱼，打猎，和养殖，通过我们的知识，这些技能给别人。我们缝皮革和布和八卦别人。我们一起吃饭，谈了生活的发展，以及我们应该如何应对这些问题。与家庭、朋友和其他人在社会上的简单和非正式的沟通是规范。即使在今天，文化和知识的口头传播仍然是部落的设置，实行私人生活，和组织（Ong，200231。Ong，W. J.（2002）。口语与书面语。