Once steatosis has been established, it can progress to NASH, which is characterized by hepatocyte injury due to lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation [1]. Liver MDA, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, was higher in HL than in HA animals, which could be related to the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production leading to oxidative stress and liver inflammation [31]. Though, inflammation biomarkers are increased in obese humans [32] and also in steatosis [1], we did not find significant differences in the levels of IL-6 and TNFa or a relationship with the graded level of steatosis. It should be noted that sICAM-1 and liver MDA values observed in HL animals could be considered an indicator of a higher liver deterioration in this group, since Sookoian et al. [33] reported a significant correlation between the degree of liver steatosis and expression of sICAM-1 in humans. However, the histological examinations and the other inflammatory biomarkers in our samples did not show differences that matched the severity of steatosis, despite the fact that the intake of tomato juice together with the H diet significantly decreased the isoprostane content of the urine (Table 4), showing a positive effect on the amelioration of oxidative stress status [34]. In addition, in our previous analysis of liver metabolites under these conditions [16], we reported that the redox balance in liver samples from the HL group led to physiological conditions due to the increased hepatic content of reduced glutathione and the altered NAD/NADH ratio.
Once steatosis has been established, it can progress to NASH, which is characterized by hepatocyte injury due to lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation [1]. Liver MDA, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, was higher in HL than in HA animals, which could be related to the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production leading to oxidative stress and liver inflammation [31]. Though, inflammation biomarkers are increased in obese humans [32] and also in steatosis [1], we did not find significant differences in the levels of IL-6 and TNFa or a relationship with the graded level of steatosis. It should be noted that sICAM-1 and liver MDA values observed in HL animals could be considered an indicator of a higher liver deterioration in this group, since Sookoian et al. [33] reported a significant correlation between the degree of liver steatosis and expression of sICAM-1 in humans. However, the histological examinations and the other inflammatory biomarkers in our samples did not show differences that matched the severity of steatosis, despite the fact that the intake of tomato juice together with the H diet significantly decreased the isoprostane content of the urine (Table 4), showing a positive effect on the amelioration of oxidative stress status [34]. In addition, in our previous analysis of liver metabolites under these conditions [16], we reported that the redox balance in liver samples from the HL group led to physiological conditions due to the increased hepatic content of reduced glutathione and the altered NAD/NADH ratio.
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