People are now living longer and healthier lives than ever before. Policymakers cannot neglect this changing situation. Rapid population growth can be halted with modern contraceptives, but the process of population ageing cannot be stopped. Many good and positive things about older people are recorded. But, increasing challenges will be faced by the Indonesian government and the community. Population ageing will affect economic, social and political processes. <br><br>The official population projections for Indonesia show that considerable population growth will take place over the next 25 years, though the rate of increase will be slowing. As this brief note has stressed, the growth of population in Indonesia should be manageable, and the changes in age structure will in many ways be favourable for more rapid economic development, though much will depend on the quality of Indonesia’s economic and social planning <br>and the efficiency with which development programs are conducted. The challenges should not be underestimated. For example, increasing population, and an expected steady rise in per capita income levels, will lead to enormous increases in consumption, needs for infrastructure development, and issues in reconciling these with the preservation of the natural environment. Regional development will also be quite varied, and the population redistribution between regions, and differing age structure trends between regions, will mean that the policy response will need to differ between regions.
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