To test the research model, we employed an empirical study using data from online survey responses. The survey participants were undergraduate students at a large university who voluntarily participated in the survey for extra credit. Although student participants may not fully represent the online shopper population,many previous studies showed that college students are a good surrogate for online consumers. Indeed,the data collected in the present study also indicated that the participants are active online consumers: over 90% of the respondents reported that had shopped online least once in the last six months.