The distribution of effective strai

The distribution of effective strain (PEEQ) at different time during
the cold rotary forging process is illustrated in Fig. 20. As described
above, the lower die contacts the workpiece on the
down-side surface near the lower surface firstly, so the metal in
this area is easier to satisfy the yield condition to arrive at the plastic
deformation state. Naturally, the plastic deformation zone is
firstly formed in this area (Fig. 20a). Under the action of axial feed
of the lower die and oscillation of the upper die, the plastic deformation
zone gradually expands along the circumferential direction
and along the gear tooth orientation (Fig. 20b). As the deformation
progresses, the plastic deformation zone has penetrated the whole
down-side surface of the workpiece (Fig. 20c). After the gear shape
emerges, the PEEQ accumulates rapidly in large-end dedendum
areas owing to the ‘‘mushroom shape” effect (Fig. 20d). The
large-end gear shape achieves filling prior to the small-end gear
shape, so the PEEQ value of the former is larger than that of the latter
(Fig. 20e). At the final forging stage, the total desired strain is
achieved in the gear shape area, accordingly the gear shape is completed
with the plastic deformation overspreading the gear shape
of the cold rotary forged gear (Fig. 20f). Moreover, it can also be
seen from Fig. 20f that the largest PEEQ value locates in the
large-end dedendum areas in the forged gear, which indicates
the metal of this area undergoes the highest degree of deformation.
By contrast, the PEEQ value is relatively lower in the central areas
of the forged gear close to the lower die since the metal in this area
is not pressed against the wall of the die cavities.

結果 (中文) 1:

有效应变 (PEEQ) 在不同的时间的分布冷摆辗成形过程如图 20 所示。所述以上下, 模接触工件上下侧表面附近的较低表面首先，所以在金属这一领域是容易满足屈服条件到达塑料变形状态。自然，塑性变形区是首先在这一领域 (图 20a) 形成。轴向进给的作用下下模和振荡的上模，塑性变形区域逐步扩大沿圆周方向和沿齿轮齿向 (图 20b)。作为变形塑性变形区有贯穿整个过程的进展，下侧表面的工件 (图 20 c)。后齿轮形状出现，PEEQ 迅速积聚在大端齿根由于蘑菇形状"的效果 (图 20 d) 地区。的大端齿轮形状达到灌装前小端齿轮形状，所以前者的 PEEQ 值是大于后者的(图 20e)。在终锻成形阶段，总需的应变是在齿轮形状领域取得，因此完成齿轮形状与蔓延的齿轮形状的塑性变形冷斜轧锻齿轮 (图 20f)。此外，它也可以从图 20f PEEQ 的最大值位于伪造的齿轮，指示大端齿根地区这一领域，金属发生最高程度的变形。相比之下，PEEQ 值是相对较低的中部地区附近下模以来在这一领域金属齿轮锻未按在墙上的模具型腔。

結果 (中文) 3:

有效的应变分布（peeq）在不同的时间
冷摆辗成形过程如图20所示。如以上所述，在较低的表面附近，下模接触工件，使金属在这方面更容易满足屈服条件下到达塑性变形状态。自然，塑性变形区为在这一地区首先形成（图20A）。对下模和上模的轴向进给
振荡的作用下，塑性变形区逐渐扩大
沿圆周方向
沿齿定位（图20b）。由于变形
进步，塑性变形区已经渗透整个
下工件的侧面（图C）。齿形
出现后，大型端齿根
地区由于“蘑菇形”效应迅速累积的peeq（图20d）。的
大端齿形达到填充的小端齿
形状之前，所以前者的peeq值大于后者
（图E）。在最后的锻造阶段，总期望的应变是在齿轮形状区域中实现的，因此，齿轮的形状完成
与塑性变形的蔓延的冷锻旋齿轮齿形（图
20F）。此外，它还可以
从图看出，peeq 20F最大值位于
大端齿根区域在锻造齿轮，这表明
本区金属发生变形程度最高的
相反，的peeq值较低的锻造齿轮靠近凹模的中心区
由于这方面的
不是金属压模腔壁。