Table 2 shows types of Shikake according to consumer
costs and benefits.Note that the cost is not only monetary,
but includes several types of search cost explained in the
previous section,and the benefits also include several types
of benefit, as described previously. When the benefits are
high and cost of participation is low, this would reflect
ideal Shikake, which could expect the continuous
engagement of consumers.When the cost of participation
is low but the benefits are also low,the Shikake could be
considered a fluke, as participation would be easy, but
would fail to provide sufficient benefit to encourage con-
tinuous participation. When the cost of participation is
high, but does not provide sufficient benefit, the Shikake
would be considered a failure.Most marketing campaigns
would be placed in this category,as the examples described
in this paper are rather rare cases,and wonawardsat the
prestigious Cannes Lions International Festival of Crea-
tivity, a renowned award ceremony for advertising cam-
paigns. The Speed Camera Lottery and Mint Parking
Ticket campaigns both won bronze in the 2011 Outdoor
Lions; the Dated Pillow won the 2011 Promo and Acti-
vationLions,and MediaLions,which have only been won
Table2 Typology of Shikake by type of participation