Much research has explored these attributes from a psychological perspective whereby “distinct appraisal processes attuned to undeserved suffering, distinct signaling behavior related to caregiving patterns of touch, posture, andvocalization, and a phenomenological experience and physiological response that orients the individual to social approach” (Goetz, Keltner,& Simon-Thomas, 2010, p. 351) can be carried out. Goetz et al. (2010)