Filming was conducted from a vehicle movingalongside the boat at a perpendicular distance ofabout 30 m from the plane of motion of the boat. Thevideo camera (Canon MV800, 50 frames s71) wasat a height of about 2.5 m from the water surface.The instrumented paddle collected strain data at50 Hz throughout the paddling trials, which weredownloaded onto a laptop on shore. Force on thepaddle was calculated using gain and offset values.Derived force variables were then computed usingcustom software (MATLAB version 7.4, Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA).