From these examples, it becomes clear what knowledge is needed for readers to store words in memory. Phonemic segmentation skill is needed to analyze pro- nunciations of specific words into phonemes. Knowledge of grapheme-phoneme correspondences provides the glue. Grapho-phonemic mapping skill is needed to connect graphemes to phonemes within specific words. When students apply a decoding strategy to read unfamiliar words, this activates mapping relations. Share (2004) has referred to the use of decoding as a self-teaching strategy that establishes written words in memory.As readers retain blends of graphemes and phonemes in memory, larger se- quences of letters become familiar units that secure words in memory. These sequences may be spellings of words, or parts of words such as rime spellings (e.g., -AME in name, same, came), or syllables. Multi-syllabic words may be remembered by forming connections between these larger written units and syl- lables in pronunciations, for example, the three units in SUB – STI – TUTE.