A second recent shift, one that overlaps with the first in the work of some scholars, calls for new kinds of methodological approaches to urban research based above all on actornetwork theory and assemblage theory. These approaches typically proceed by constructing rhizomatic networks of urban relata, human and nonhuman. Work in this second vein attempts to build up images of the urban or territorial by constructing complex descriptions of urban situations marked by strong substantive particularity. This work eschews a priori theoretical abstraction, though it does at times attempt to generalize via the construction of typologies based on associations between the phenomena it describes. Still, the overall tone of this work is captured by the notion of the ‘ordinary city’ of variety and specificity as described by Amin and Graham (1997), which puts strong emphasis on the particularities of individual urban places.