Disenchanted with the subject matter curriculum promoted by the essentialistphilosophers and curriculum makers, Dewey and others sought to free the learner fromthe confines of a subject-centered curriculum and to create an environment that cateredto the learner needs and interests.Human Impulses. B. Othanel Smith, William O. Stanley, and J. Harlan Shores ob-served that Dewey* Laboratory School curriculum was based on the following fourhuman impulses, which Dewey referred to as ''uninvested capital":