Further studies are required to directly examine the relationship between flavonoid consumption, nitric oxide activity, CBF and cognitive function. Interestingly, increased nitric oxide status in the plasma has been observed 2h after consumption of flavonoid-rich apples; however, no effects were observed for cognitive function(30). Keanet al.(10) reported global cognitive improvements in cognition among healthy older adults following daily chronic consumption of flavanone-rich orange juice (305mg/d) over 8 weeks; however, nitric oxide status was not examined.