Research has consistently demonstrated that matching the difficulty of instructional material and student skill level increases outcomes such as task completion, task comprehension, and student time on task (Daly, Martens, Kilmer, & Massie, 1996; Gickling & Armstrong, 1978; Gickling & Rosenfield, 1995;Gickling, Shane, & Croskery, 1989). This match between material and skill can be assessed with curriculum-based assessment (CBA; Gickling & Havertape, 1981) by computing the percentage of known items within the academic task and comparing it to an optimal level, called the instructional level