Although few explicit attempts have been made to apply critical analysis to the study of public organizations (see Abel & Sementelli, 2003; Box, 2005; David, 1996; Forester, 1989; Hummel, 1987; King & Zanetti, 2005; Mooney Nickel, 2011; Zanetti, 1997), several questions raised in the literature of critical theory bear on such an effort (see, for example, Burrell & Morgan, 1979).