FootnoteThe distinction between methods in this area of research is seen in terms of the degree of guidance given to the learner. Ambiguities in the use of the term "method" are acknowledged, but, in general terms, discovery learning is considered to involve the least amount of teacher guidance. and direct instruction the most.Remarkable improvements over the "'same' pairings are shown in 'unlike' pairings". Opposite anxiety pairs in the transfer test and, of 100% superiority over the same pairs in the transfer test and, of particular importance in the light of L2 input-negotiation findings (e.g. Long & Porter, 1985), they also spent 121% - 132% more time asking for orientation, information, and confirmation.While it is obviously necessary to replicate such studies in an L2 context, it should certainly be the case that, as Eysenck claims, "These results open up fascinating vistas for both research and educational practice" (1978, 7. 151). This must be particularly true in view of the importance ascribed to pair work in communicative language teaching.TasksEvidence such as that described above does at least suggest the possibility that personality is important in, for example, determining individual task-type preference, determining response to tasks of varying levels of difficulty, even general disposition to a task-based approach. Specific hypotheses related to personality variables therefore appear to be worth exploring in relation to the use of tasks in language classrooms.Praise and ReinforcementThe standard teach-training edict to praise success, is not necessarily supported by experimental evidence, (e.g. McCullers, Fabes, & Moran, 1987) clearly shows that giving rewards (toys to young children in this case) can have adverse effects on immediate performance. Other research also shows that responses are often related to personality dimensions. Nagpal and Gupta (1979), for example, found clear evidence that individuals differ in their susceptibility to reinforcement: "Extraverts condition more readily with the rewarding reinforcers while introverts condition more readily with the punishing reinforcers..." (p. 475)The need to bring findings such as these to the attention of language teachers, and to conduct specific L2 classroom research in this area is clearly obvious.