Figure 1. TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) Framework (Mishra & Koehler, 2006)
Technological Pedagogical
Content Knowledge
Technological Pedagogical
Knowledge
Researchers have worked on creating survey instruments that assess both pre-service and in-service
teachers’ levels of TPACK. Koehler and Mishra (2005) developed a survey instrument that
consisted of 35 items—33 Likert scale items and 2 short-answer questions—attempting to
determine the level of TPCK knowledge both at the individual and group levels. Archambault
and Crippen (2009) developed a 24-item survey to measure TPACK for online teaching based on a
sample of 596 K-12 teachers. Schmidt et al. (2009) developed a survey extending these two studies
to develop a robust survey that measures elementary school teachers’ understanding of each
component of the TPACK framework with a sample of 124 pre-service teachers. Graham et al.
(2009) developed a 30-item TPACK survey for science teaching.