PA undoubtedly has an influential role in general perception of others, and in the context of pre-employment decision-making. The influence of PA, and its role in the hiring process as detailed in the proposed model certainly does not deny that PA is influential in this process. In regard to the fairness of this process, it has been concluded that PA is never a fair indicator of ratings not directly related to or influenced by PA. The practice of basing specific candidate skill ratings that cannot be enhanced by, and are not relevant to PA should be avoided. There is not enough evidence to conclude that PA always indicates increased intelligence, or competence in other areas. Additionally, when PA is not crucial to a given position, or is not required to successfully perform on the job,it should never be a variable used to discriminate amongst candidates. Basing hiring decisions on non-job related factors is not only unfair to candidates, but may also be detrimental to the overall success of an organization. There are numerous forms of legislation that ban employment discrimination based on non-job related factors other than PA such as gender, race, and ethnicity (Shahani-Denning, 2003). It is certainly interesting to note that there is no current legislation banning discrimination based on PA (Shahani-Denning, 2003). Although, there are definitely situations in which PA can be conceived as a job-related factor, and basing hiring decisions and ratings of certain other pre-employment criteria on PA in these contexts may be fair.