Furthermore, many founders select successors who are bound for failure (Levinson, 1974). Levinson uses the terms loyal servant, watchful waiter, and false prophet to describe three types of inadequate successors typically chosen by a founder when he or she is given the chance to choose. The first is a conscientious helper but an incompetent leader, and the second is a star performer from outside, who must wait, sometimes indefinitely, for power to be granted. The false prophet, on the other hand, is a person whose area of competence is not related to the role required and, therefore, is an unrealistic choice for successor. Another type of failed or problem succession (Hall, 1986) occurs as a result of homosocial reproduction (Kanter, 1977). This is when the owner or senior executive tries to perpetuate the organization's future leader in his or her own image.