This was a retrospective study using the claims data ofthe Korean NHI database, from which data were col-lected between 2007 and 2016. During the study period,PLHIV were identified (Figure 1). We defined an inci-dent HIV infection after a period of no visits for ARTfor at least one year, and excluded subjects with ARTfor 2007. Therefore, the study period was 2008–2016.