To derive a comprehensive typology of utilitarian expectations af-fecting customers’ receptivity toward e-commerce sites, we turn toMoore and Benbasat’s [78] refinement of Rogers’ [79] Innovation Dif-fusion Theory (IDT) for inspiration. The IDT holds that an individual’sdecision to adopt or reject an innovation is dependent on the extent towhich the innovation exhibits certain characteristics (i.e., relative ad-vantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability),which facilitate its diffusion [79]. Yet, Moore and Benbasat [78]stressed that Rogers’ [79] conceptualization of the five characteristicsof innovation diffusion “is based on perceptions of the innovation itself,and not on perceptions of actually using the innovation” (p. 196).Moreover, the aforementioned characteristics are targeted at innova-tions in general, and do not consider the unique contextual attributes oftechnological innovations. For these reasons, Moore and Benbasat [78]supplemented Rogers’ [79] IDT with contemporary work on technologyacceptance to arrive at seven characteristics of technological innova-tions that drive users’ adoption decisions (see Table 1). Together, theseseven characteristics capture the range of benefits one hopes to gainfrom the utilization of technological innovations. Because the validity and applicability of Moore and Benbasat’s [78] proposed technologicalinnovation characteristics in predicting individuals’ adoption decisions have received extensive corroboration in past studies [see 68–72], we posit that these characteristics are analogous with customers’ utilitarian expectations of e-commerce sites, and utilitarian expectation is desig-nated as a second-order aggregate construct in this study.Table 1 summarizes our adaption of Moore and Benbasat’s [78] technological innovation characteristics to the e-commerce context. In line with ECT, utilitarian expectations denote a baseline for judging the functional performance of an e-commerce site. For this reason, the higher the utilitarian expectations of customers, the more likely these expectations will be negatively disconfirmed: it is harder for the functional performance of an e-commerce site to satisfy a customer with high expectations, and vice versa [38,41]. Arguably, the higher expectations a customer attaches to each of the seven utilitarian ex-pectations, the more tenuous it will be for an e-commerce site to satisfytheir expectations [38–41]. We, therefore, hypothesize: