This paper describes the origin and

This paper describes the origin and subsequent development of coal petrology at Penn State
and its related re-birth in the United States between the 1950s and the 1980s. The combination of
the appreciation of the diversity of coalified material from studies of the Brandon Lignite of
Vermont and a steel industry technologic problem proposed to the University for solution resulted
in a new descriptive system for predicting coking behavior and coke quality from coal composi-
tion. Penn State continued to play a role in coal research which resulted in the standard
palynological reference, ‘‘Catalog of Fossil Spores and Pollen’’; studies of uranium-bearing
lignites, modern organic sediments, and coal liquefaction and gasification; the creation of the
North American Coal Petrographers Ž predecessor of The Society of Organic Petrology. , The Coal
Sample Bank and Data Base, and widely recognized short courses in coal petrology; and the
development of numerous graduates who created other company-specific coke quality prediction
systems, as well as a multitude of other research and educational programs. q 2000 Elsevier
Science B.V. All rights reserved.

結果 (中文) 1:

本文介绍的起源和以后的发展，煤岩学宾夕法尼亚州立大学和其相关再一次出生在 1950 年代至 1980 年代的美国。组合从研究的布兰登褐煤煤化材料的多样性的欣赏佛蒙特州和大学提出了解决方案的钢铁行业技术问题导致在一个新的描述性预测焦化行为及焦炭质量从煤组成-系统了。宾夕法尼亚州立大学继续在煤炭研究导致标准中发挥作用孢粉学参考，' 目录的化石孢子和花粉 ';含铀的研究褐煤、 现代有机沉积物和煤炭液化和气化;创作北美煤 Petrographers ◎ 前身的有机岩石学的社会。煤示例银行和数据基础上和得到广泛承认的短期课程，在煤岩学;和发展的众多毕业生创建其他特定于公司的焦炭质量预测系统，以及大量的其他研究和教育项目。q 2000 爱思唯尔科学 bv 公司保留所有权利。

結果 (中文) 3:

This paper describes the Origin of coal and subsequent petrology在宾夕法尼亚州立大学的发展and its related重新诞生在20世纪50年代in the United States and the combination of the 1980s。coalified appreciation of the diversity of the studies of the布兰登材料从褐煤of佛蒙特州的钢铁工业的技术问题和解决方案导致proposed to the University for在新系统中的行为描述和焦炭质量预测从煤焦化分的关系。宾州continued to play a role in which resulted in the Coal Research的标准孢粉化石catalog of reference”和“孢子花粉研究含铀；现代沉积物中的有机lignites，煤炭液化和气化，and the creation of the；北美煤炭petrographersŽpredecessor of the Society of organic petrology。煤，the样本银行的数据基础，and widely in a short and the coal petrology购物；Development of毕业生创造了许多其他公司的焦炭质量预测的特异性在许多系统，as well as of other programs and Educational Research）。2000年Elsevier科技有限公司保留所有权利。