2. (Barriers to Entry) Explain how

2. (Barriers to Entry) Explain how economies of scale can be a barrier to entry.If a firm’s long-run average cost curve slopes downward throughout the range of market demand, a single firm can produce at a lower average cost than any other firm that tries to enter the market. As firms compete to increase their market shares by expanding and thus lowering cost and price, a single firm emerges naturally from the process. Any new firm trying to enter the market is unable to match the monopolist’s economies of scale and, therefore, is unable to match the monopolist’s price.

結果 (英文) 1:

2. (Barriers to Entry) Explain how economies of scale can be a barrier to entry.
If a firm’s long-run average cost curve slopes downward throughout the range of market demand, a single firm can produce at a lower average cost than any other firm that tries to enter the market. As firms compete to increase their market shares by expanding and thus lowering cost and price, a single firm emerges naturally from the process. Any new firm trying to enter the market is unable to match the monopolist’s economies of scale and, therefore, is unable to match the monopolist’s price.

結果 (英文) 3:

2。（进入壁垒）解释规模经济如何成为进入壁垒。
如果一家公司的长期平均成本曲线在整个市场需求范围内向下倾斜，那么一家公司的平均生产成本可以低于任何其他试图进入市场的公司。当企业通过扩张从而降低成本和价格来竞争增加市场份额时，单个企业自然会从这一过程中脱颖而出。任何试图进入市场的新公司都无法与垄断者的规模经济相匹配，因此也无法与垄断者的价格相匹配。