Rosenbaum and O'Leary (1981), marit

Rosenbaum and O'Leary (1981), marital discord proves to be the variable with which marital aggression shows the strongest correlation. Given the prevalence of marital aggression and its strong association with marital discord, a number of studies have examined the longitudinal impact of violence. Great attention is given to newlywed samples as these couples are characterized by greater levels of aggression (Suitor, Pillemer, & Straus, 1990) and they enable researchers to examine spousal aggression in its earliest phases. O'Leary et al (1989) reported that individuals in relationships with stable levels of aggression show significant decreases in marital satisfaction across a 30-month period. Quigley and Leonard (1996) examined the impact of aggression across three years and found that husband-to-wife aggression predicted decreases in wives' marital satisfaction. Given the strong association between marital quality and divorce risk (White & Booth, 1991), findings such as these lend support to the conclusion that marital aggression is a significant predictor of future divorce. Indeed, DeMaris (2000) found that male violence predicted separation/divorce; however, this effect was mediated by relationship quality. Studies that examine directly the relationship between aggression and divorce have found that physically aggressive couples were more likely to end their marriage in separation or divorce than non- aggressive couples (Lawrence & Bradbury, 2001) and premarital aggression was predictive of wives' future steps towards dissolution (Heyman, O'Leary, & Jouriles, 1995). Rogge and Bradury (1999) also confirmed the relation between aggression and marital dissolution with their finding that while dissatisfaction may be predicted by negative communication, the presence of marital violence foreshadows the occurrence of separation or divorce within the first four years of marriage. This finding suggests that the presence of aggression is associated with the rapid deterioration of the marital relationship. In short, the association between marital aggression and dissolution has received substantial support. Importantly, many individuals involved in abusive relationships fail to perceive themselves as martially discordant and are likely to downplay the aggression (O'Leary et al., 1989). These findings have critical practical implications as they suggest that partners at high risk of divorce as a result of aggression are likely to downplay the violence or make excuses, which may make them less likely to seek treatment for the

結果 (繁體中文) 1:

Rosenbaum和奧利（1981），夫妻不證明是可變與婚姻侵略顯示最強的相關性。鑑於婚姻侵略，它與夫妻關係不強關聯的流行，一些研究探討了暴力的縱向衝擊。大注意了新婚的樣品為這些夫婦的特點是侵略的更高水平（求婚，Pillemer，與斯特勞斯，1990），它們使研究人員能夠檢查其最早階段配偶侵略。奧利裡等（1989）報導，在與侵略水平保持穩定關係的個體表現出跨越30個月期間在婚姻滿意度顯著下跌。奎格利和Leonard（1996）研究了侵略跨越三年的影響，發現妻子的婚姻滿意度是丈夫對妻子的侵略預測下降。鑑於婚姻質量和離婚風險（白色及展位，1991）之間的強關聯，如這些發現支持了這樣的結論婚姻侵略是將來離婚顯著的預測。事實上，DeMaris（2000）發現男性暴力預測分離/離婚; 但是，這種作用是通過關係質量介導的。有研究直接侵略和離婚之間的關係，研究發現，物理侵蝕夫妻更有可能結束他們在分居或離婚比非侵略性的夫婦（勞倫斯＆布拉德伯里，2001）和婚前侵略婚姻是預測的妻子“ 未來步驟，溶解（海曼，奧利裡，與Jouriles，1995）。羅格和Bradury（1999）也證實了他們的發現，雖然不滿意可以由負通信預測，婚姻暴力的存在預示著分居或離婚的前四十年的婚姻中發生的侵略和婚姻解體之間的關係。這一發現表明，侵略的存在與婚姻關係的迅速惡化相關聯。總之，婚姻侵略和溶解之間的關係已經得到了大量的支持。重要的是，參與虐待關係許多人不認為自己martially不和諧和很可能會淡化侵略（奧利裡等人。，1989）。

結果 (繁體中文) 2:

My strength is to be good at handling things, to be willing to accept setbacks, and to be patient.

結果 (繁體中文) 3:

Rosenbaum和O'Leary（1981），婚姻不和被證明是婚姻攻擊性表現出最强相關性的變數。鑒於婚姻侵犯的普遍性及其與婚姻不和的密切聯繫，一些研究已經研究了暴力的縱向影響。人們非常關注新婚夫婦的樣本，因為這些夫婦具有更强的攻擊性（Suiter，Pillemer，&Straus，1990），他們使研究人員能够在配偶攻擊的早期階段進行研究。O'Leary等人（1989年）報告說，在30個月的時間裏，與攻擊性水准穩定的關係中的個人的婚姻滿意度顯著下降。Quigley和Leonard（1996）研究了三年內攻擊行為的影響，發現夫妻攻擊行為預示著妻子的婚姻滿意度下降。考慮到婚姻質量和離婚風險之間的緊密聯系（White&Booth，1991），這些發現支持了婚姻攻擊性是未來離婚的重要預測因素的結論。事實上，DeMaris（2000）發現男性暴力預示著分居/離婚；然而，這種影響是由關係質量介導的。直接研究攻擊性和離婚之間關係的研究發現，身體攻擊性的夫婦比非攻擊性的夫婦更有可能在分居或離婚時結束婚姻（Lawrence&Bradbury，2001），婚前攻擊性預示著妻子未來走向解體（Heyman，O'Leary，&Jouriles，1995年）。Rogge和Bradury（1999）也證實了攻擊性和婚姻破裂之間的關係，他們的發現是，雖然不滿可以通過消極的交流來預測，但婚姻暴力的存在預示著在婚姻的頭四年內會發生分居或離婚。這一發現表明，攻擊性的存在與婚姻關係的迅速惡化有關。簡言之，婚姻侵犯和婚姻解體之間的聯系得到了實質性的支持。重要的是，許多與虐待性關係有關的人沒有意識到自己在軍事上的不和諧，很可能低估了攻擊性（O'Leary等人，1989）。這些發現具有重要的實際意義，因為它們表明，由於侵犯行為而面臨離婚高風險的伴侶可能會輕視暴力或找藉口，這可能使他們不太可能尋求治療