To be used for gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate must move out of the mitochondrion to the cytosol, where the remainder of the pathway occurs.•However, the mitochondrial membrane does not have an effective transporter for oxaloacetate. •Therefore, oxaloacetate is reduced by mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase to malate, which is transported into the cytosol by exchange for orthophosphate and then reoxidized by cytosolic malate dehydrogenase.•Once in the cytosol, oxaloacetateis acted on by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PEPCK)to give phosphoenolpyruvate: