Air temperature and rainfall data for one week before and during the sampling dates are shown in Supplementary Fig. S1. The mean daily temperatures during this period ranged from 19 °C to 24 °C for Estelí (Nicaragua), 23 °C to 31 °C for Patía (Colombia), 27 °C to 29 °C for Taluma (Colombia), 17 °C to 25 °C for Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), 15 °C to 26 °C for Balcarce (Argentina), 8 °C to 16 °C for Manfredi (Argentina) and 26 °C to 30 °C for St. Augustine (Trinidad and Tobago). Rainfall was recorded on less than 19 days during the N2O monitoring period, with the exception of the Trinidad and Tobago site which received 31 days of rainfall (Fig. S1).