hese meters monitor, analyze, and s

hese meters monitor, analyze, and store information on energy usage. Because many utilities
promote off-peak consumption, there may be several defined time segments for different energy
costs. Therefore, not only total energy consumption is tabulated, but also energy consumption
during each of several time segments.
A network connection between meters allows a centralized data collection. This becomes a
significant advantage due to the economics of labor-intensive manual meter reading, especially
as both the number of installed meters and the cost of labor increase. Networked automatic
meter reading (AMR) systems further reduce problems with safety and security, as human
access to distributed meters is less important. Installation costs may also be lower, as
networked meters have more flexibility in terms of possible locations.
The architecture of the connecting network can be one of several types; a bus, a daisy-chain, or
a tree structure are examples. One of the more efficient architectures in terms of interconnection
is the bus architecture. Each meter attaches to the main bus through a stub, which is kept as
short as possible. Signals on the bus are available to all the nodes. Typically, a master node
controls the communications on the common bus, indicating when each node has permission to
transmit.
The information that must be communicated to and between meters includes set-up, energy
usage, and diagnostic data. Set-up data is communicated to a meter during initial installation,
after a repair, or when tariff or time segment data must be updated. Energy usage data is
collected from each meter on a periodic basis, and may include the power, voltage, and current
data for a set of time segments, as well as peak, average, or other statistics. Diagnostic data
may be communicated to indicate not only samples of the state of the distributed power, but also
the state of the meters themselves.
There are several choices for communication with meters. One popular method is through a
twisted pair of wires, using RS-485 differential signaling as defined by the TIA/EIA-485 and ISO-
8482 standards. This method has the advantages of high noise immunity, fast signaling rate,
many nodes on a single bus, and a wide base of proven transceivers available. Other methods
include various wireless technologies, signaling over the power lines, and local infrared (IR)
links. Because of its advantages, this application report focuses here on the 485-based
solutions.

結果 (中文) 1:

这些米监测、 分析和存储信息的能耗。因为许多实用程序促进非繁忙时间消费，可能会有不同能源的几个定义的时间段。成本。因此，表列不仅能源消费总量，但也是能源消耗在每个几个时间段。米之间的网络连接允许一个集中化的数据集合。这成为显著的优势的劳动密集型人工抄表，尤其是经济学作为已安装米数目和劳动增加的成本。网络化的自动米读 (AMR) 系统进一步减少与安全和安保，作为人类的问题对分布式米的访问是不那么重要。安装成本也可能较低，作为网络的米可能地点方面有更大的灵活性。连接网络的体系结构可以是几种类型;一辆公共汽车，菊花链，或树状结构的例子。在互连方面效率更高的建筑之一是的总线架构。每个仪表附加到主母线通过存根 （stub），使其保持为尽可能的短。在公共汽车上的信号都可用到的所有节点。通常情况下，主节点控件的通信常见总线上，指示当每个节点拥有的权限传输。必须通知和米之间的信息包括能量的设置使用和诊断数据。在初始安装过程中设置数据被送交一米修复后或关税或时间段数据必须更新时。能源使用率数据从每个仪表定期收集和可能包括电源、 电压和电流一组的时间段，以及峰、 平均，或其他的统计数据。诊断数据可以通知，但也表明不只样品状态的分布式电源，米自己的状态。有几种选择与米进行通信。一个流行的方法是通过双绞线的电线，使用 RS 485 差分信号由 TIA/EIA-485 和 ISO-定义8482 标准。这种方法的优点是高抗噪性，快速信号速率，多个节点上单总线和一个广泛基础的证明收发器可用。其他方法包括各种无线技术，信号通过电源线与当地的红外线 (IR)链接。优点，本应用程序报告着重在这里基于 485解决方案。

結果 (中文) 3:

这些米的监测、分析，并对能源的使用，存储信息。因为许多公用事业促进非高峰消耗，可能有几个定义的时间段为不同的能量成本.因此，不仅能源消费总量表，而且能源消耗在每个时间段中。米之间的网络连接允许一个集中的数据收集。这是一个劳动密集型人工抄表的经济性的显著优势，尤其是由于安装米的数量和劳动成本增加。网络化自动抄表（AMR）系统的进一步降低和安全问题，人类访问分布式米是不重要的。安装成本也可能较低，为网络米有更多的灵活性，在可能的位置。连接网络的体系结构可以是几种类型之一，总线，菊花链，或一个树结构的例子。互连的更有效的架构之一是总线结构。每米连接到主总线通过一个存根，这是保持尽可能短。总线上的信号可以提供给所有的节点。通常情况下，主节点控制公共总线上的通信，表示当每个节点都有权限时传输。必须传达给米和米之间的信息包括设置，能量使用和诊断数据。在初始安装过程中，设置数据被传送到一个计，修理后，或当关税或时间段数据必须更新。能源使用数据收集从每一米的周期性的基础上，并可能包括电源，电压和电流一组时间段的数据，以及峰值，平均值，或其他统计。诊断数据可以连通，不仅表明分布式电源的状态的样本，但也米自己的状态。有几个选择与米通信。一种流行的方法是通过双绞线，采用RS-485差分信号由TIA／EIA-485和ISO定义—8482标准。该方法具有抗噪性强、信号传输速率快的优点，在一个单一的总线上的许多节点，和广泛的基础，已探明的收发器。其他的方法包括各种无线技术，在电源线的信号，和本地红外（红外）链接。由于它的优点，本应用报告的重点在这里的485个基础解决.