2.6. Dietary AssessmentAll participants recorded regular dietary intake for 7 days in a provided food diary after instruction by a trained staff member. Diet record data were recorded and analyzed using the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) 2015 (Minneapolis, MN, USA) by trained research staff. There was not enough dietary information in the available nutrient databases to extract levels of individual xanthophylls; therefore, dietary lutein and zeaxanthin were ascertained as an aggregate measure (i.e., lutein + zeaxanthin). Consumption amounts of lutein + zeaxanthin, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin were extracted from NDSR.