1. IntroductionBiogenic amines or p

1. Introduction
Biogenic amines or polyamines, such as putrescine, spermidine
and spermine, are important in a range of biochemical functions
[1–3]. Polyamines are small flexible polycations, and are involved
in a variety of physiological roles associated with cell growth and
proliferation. Their interaction with different charged species in
bio-macromolecules such as DNA and in the cell membrane is of
central importance. As such they are associated with DNA compaction and precipitation [4–6], protein folding and unfolding [7] and
have been exploited in the formation of polyplexes for potential
gene delivery vehicles associated with gene therapy [8–10].
The focus of this paper is on the surface interaction between the
biogenic amines and the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS. Although this focus is rather specific, how the surface
interaction is affected by the structure and molecular weight,
MW, of the polyamine has much broader biological and technological significance and implications. In this broader context the
poly(ethyleneimine), PEI, based polymers and the polyamines are
important polyelectrolytes because of their widespread applications, and so have been extensively studied [11]. Hence the surface
adsorption behaviour of polyelectrolyte/surfactant mixtures has
also been extensively studied [12,13]. Depending upon the nature
of the polyelectrolyte–surfactant interaction enhanced absorption
in the form of a monolayer occurs down to relatively low surfactant concentrations due to polyelectrolyte–surfactant surface complexation. In many cases, close to charge neutralisation where the
solutions are cloudy and precipitation/coacervation occurs, the
surface structure is more complex and ordered layered structures
from a trilayer to multiple bilayer structures are formed or adsorb
at the interface. Recent studies attributed the surface multilayer
formation to a wetting of the surface by a more surface active concentrated precipitated/coacervated phase which is highly surface
active and has a lower surface tension than the coexisting dilute
phase [14]. This surface ordering phenomenon and the systems
where only monolayer adsorption accompanied by the partial
desorption that occurs in the region of charge neutralisation are
now described by a full thermodynamic treatment [15].
PEI is a particularly important polyelectrolyte, in which the nature of its interaction with surfactant varies with pH, MW, and polymer architecture (branched or linear) [16–18]. In combination with
SDS PEI exhibits the full range of surface properties summarised in
the previous paragraph. However, a notable feature is that the PEI–
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2014.11.011
0021-9797/ 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
⇑ Corresponding author at: ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory,
Chilton, Didcot, OXON, UK.
E-mail address: [e-mail] (J. Penfold).

結果 (中文) 3:

1。景区简介生物胺或多胺，如腐胺、亚精胺和精胺，在一定范围内的生化功能是重要的[ 1，3 ]。多胺是小型灵活的结构，并与在各种生理作用与细胞生长和增生。他们与不同种类的带电物质的相互作用生物大分子，如脱氧核糖核酸和细胞膜是中心重要性。由于它们与dna的压实和沉淀[ 4，6 ]，蛋白质折叠和展开[ 7 ]和已在其形态的形成开发潜力基因治疗与基因治疗相关联的车辆[ 8，10 ]。本文的重点是表面之间的相互作用生物胺与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠。虽然这一重点是具体的，如何的表面相互作用受结构和分子量的影响，分子量，多胺具有更广泛的生物和技术意义和影响。在这更广泛的背景下聚（乙烯亚胺），PEI，基聚合物和多胺重要的聚电解质由于其广泛的应用，因此得到了广泛的研究[ 11 ]。因此表面聚电解质/表面活性剂混合物的吸附行为也被广泛研究[12,13]。视自然聚电解质-表面活性剂相互作用增强吸收在一个单层的形式出现下降到相对低的表面活性剂的浓度，由于聚电解质-表面活性剂的表面络合。在许多情况下，接近电荷的地方解决方案是浑浊和沉淀/凝聚的发生，表面结构更为复杂，有序层状结构从三层多双层结构形成或吸附在接口。最近的研究归因于表面多层形成一个湿润的表面由多种表面活性浓缩沉淀/凝聚相具有很高的表面活性和具有较低的表面张力比共存稀相位[ 14 ]。这种表面有序现象和系统只有单层吸附伴随着部分解吸时的电荷中和区现在所描述的一个完整的热力学治疗[ 15 ]。裴是一个特别重要的聚电解质，其与表面活性剂的相互作用的性质随PH值，分子量，和聚合物架构（支链或线性）[ 16 - 18 ]。与组合SDS PEI具有全方位的表面特性的总结前一段。然而，一个显着的特点是，裴http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2014.11.0110021-9797 / 2014 Elsevier公司保留所有权利。⇑通讯作者：ISIS设施，STFC卢瑟福阿普尔顿实验室，奇尔顿，迪科，郡，英国。电子邮件地址：[e-mail]（J. Penfold）。