collection of household EEEs in China remains dominated by the informal individual collectors – a type of specialized waste buyers who purchasing multifarious waste materials from households then selling collections to best price bidders afterwards. And informal recycling operation, being carried out through simple yet highly profitable workshop production manners and being driven by industrial demand for secondary materials and expanding rural markets for second-hand EEE, also grew up and flourish in areas where large-scale primitive handlings of e-waste have been causing severe environmental and health consequences.