This form of evidence can demonstra

This form of evidence can demonstrate that the assessment requires test takers to engage in specific cognitive skills or behavior that are necessary to complete a task. To obtain response process evidence, we need to ask whether the items or tasks on a test are appropriate to elicit or capture the knowledge or skill we seek to assess. For example, to qualify for a driver’s license, passing a written test is far from sufficient. One should pass a performance test that requires each candidate to demonstrate his or her skills while driving. For some professions, performance tests or simulation tests play an important role, since performance skills (e.g., giving an injection, operating a surgery) are inadequately assessed with a test containing multiple-choice items. When performance is being evaluated, raters’ judgments of the candidate’s performance may exert some influence on the assessment outcomes, potentially attenuating measurement reliability, which in turn, impacts the strength of evidence intended to support validity.

結果 (繁體中文) 2:

這種形式的證據可以證明，評估要求考生從事完成任務所必需的特定認知技能或行為。為了獲得回應過程證據，我們需要詢問測試中的專案或任務是否適合獲取或捕獲我們尋求評估的知識或技能。例如，要獲得駕駛執照，通過筆試遠遠不夠。應該通過效能測試，要求每個考生在駕駛時展示自己的技能。對於某些職業，效能測試或類比測試起著重要作用，因為性能技能（例如，注射、手術）在包含多項選擇專案的測試中評估不足。在評估績效時，評審員對候選人績效的判斷可能會對評估結果產生一些影響，從而可能削弱測量可靠性，進而影響旨在支援的證據強度有效性。

結果 (繁體中文) 3:

這種形式的證據可以證明，評估要求考生從事完成一項任務所必需的特定認知技能或行為。為了獲得反應過程的證據，我們需要詢問測試中的項目或任務是否適合獲取或獲取我們試圖評估的知識或技能。例如，要取得駕駛執照的資格，通過筆試是遠遠不夠的。一個人應該通過性能測試，要求每個候選人在駕駛時展示自己的技能。對於某些專業來說，性能測試或類比測試發揮著重要作用，因為效能技能（如注射、手術）沒有通過包含多項選擇項的測試進行充分評估。在評估績效時，評分者對候選人績效的判斷可能會對評估結果產生一定影響，從而降低量測的可靠性，進而影響支持有效性的證據强度。