At the same time, however, position classification can be problematic. Among the most serious complaints about the practice of position classification is that it is dehumanizing for the employee. In essence, the job is designed and classified without regard to the employee who holds it. The orga- nization is viewed as a set of positions (specializations) coordinated in some fashion, typically through hierarchy. An employee may be able to contribute more to the organization than the position he or she is in allows. For example, a keyboarder may have the ability and willingness to take dictation or tran- scribe tapes, but that would require classification as a stenographer and higher pay. Hence, allowing a typist to function as a stenographer would be prohib- ited by position classification principles. The employee can neither go beyond the level of work required in the position nor fall short of it. Working "out of class" is particularly opposed by unions, especially when employees are doing higher-level work without receiving more pay. These problems are particularly evident where classifications are narrow and specific, as opposed to broadly banded into categories such as clerical or technical.