RO Flux RateIn most RO wastewater t

RO Flux Rate
In most RO wastewater treatment plants, the flux rate for the RO process is chosen in the range of 17 – 20 lmh. This is based on extensive research at pilot tests and commercial plants. Flux rate is important in a RO system because it governs the crossflow rate and mass transport rate through the membrane. The higher the mass transport rate, the more solids are drawn to the membrane surface. Spiral wound RO systems are based on the concept that the crossflow sweeps solids from the surface and keeps the membrane from becoming significantly fouled. There is an optimum ratio of crossflow to permeate flow to keep the membrane surface clean, and the energy consumption at a minimum. Also, if the crossflow becomes too low, the concentration polarization at the membrane surface becomes high. This causes the apparent ion and contaminant concentration at the surface of the membrane to be much higher than the incoming feed. Beta value is the measure that is used to determine the degree of concentration polarization. A beta value of 1.2, or 20% higher concentration at the membrane surface, is considered to be the maximum beta value that is typically allowed.

結果 (中文) 1:

反渗透通量率
大多数RO的污水处理厂，为反渗透过程的通量率在17–20 LMH范围选择。这是基于广泛的研究，在试验和商业的植物。通量率在RO系统是重要的因为它支配横流率和传质速率通过膜。高质量传输率，更多的固体被吸引到膜表面。螺旋缠绕RO系统的概念的基础上，横流扫固体表面和使膜成为明显的犯规。有渗透流使膜表面的清洁横流的最佳比例，而在最低能源消耗。另外，如果横流变得太低，在膜表面的浓差极化变高。这会导致明显的离子和污染物的浓度在膜的表面是比进料高多了。β值是用来确定浓度极化度的测量。1.2的β值，或20%高浓度在膜的表面，是的，通常是允许的最大的β值。

結果 (中文) 2:

反渗透通量率
在大多数 RO 废水处理厂，在 17 — — 20 台基的范围中选择反渗透过程的通量率。这基于广泛的研究，在试验和商业植物。通量率是在反渗透系统中重要的因为它管辖，横流率和大规模运输率通过膜。大规模运输率越高，对膜表面绘制的更多的固体颗粒。螺旋伤口 RO 系统基于概念横流扫固体从表面和防止膜变得明显的犯规。是最佳比例，横流渗透流量，保持膜表面清洁，和最少的能源消耗。此外，如果井底压力变得太低了，在膜的表面浓度极化变得很高。这会导致明显的离子和污染物浓度在表面的膜要比传入的馈送高得多。Β 值是用于确定的浓度极化程度的措施。Β 值为 1.2 或 20%更高的浓度在膜的表面，被认为是最大的 beta 值，通常允许。