SWAL-QOL instrumentThe SWAL-QOL is a 44-item condition-specific instru-ment that assesses swallowing-related QOL in eleven domains: Burden, Physical, Mental, Fear, Eating desire, Eating duration, Food Selection, Sleep, Fatigue, Social, and Communication (Table 1). The questionnaire is self-administered and takes less than 15 min to complete. The instrument has been validated and has favorable psycho-metric properties, including high internal-consistency reliability and reproducibility. The scales of the instrument differentiate patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia fromnormal swallowers, and the scales are sensitive to clinically relevant differences in dysphagia severity in patients with medically and surgically treated conditions