NOTE: An Estimated Average Requirem

NOTE
: An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is
the average daily nutrient intake level es
timated to meet the requirements of half
of the healthy individuals in a group. EARs
have not been established for vitamin K,
pantothenic acid, biotin, choline, chromium
, fluoride, manganese, or other nutrients
not yet evaluated via the DRI process.
a
As retinol activity equivalents (RAEs). 1 RAE = 1 μg retinol, 12 μg β-carotene, 24 μg α-carotene, or 24 μg β-cryptoxanthin. The RAE for dietary provitamin A carote
noids is two-fold greater than retinol equivalents
(RE), whereas the RAE for preformed vitamin A is the same as RE. b
As α-tocopherol. α-Tocopherol includes
RRR-α-tocopherol, the only form of α-tocopherol that occurs naturally in foods, and the
2R
-stereoisomeric forms of α-tocopherol (RRR-, RSR-, RRS
-, and
RSS-α-tocopherol)
that occur in fortified foods and su
pplements. It does not include the
2S
-stereoisomeric forms of α-tocopherol (
SRR-, SSR-, SRS
-, and
SSS-α-tocopherol), also found in fortified foods and supplements. c
As niacin equivalents (NE). 1 mg
of niacin = 60 mg of tryptophan. d
As dietary folate equivalents (DFE). 1 DFE = 1
µg food folate = 0.6 µg of folic acid from fortified food or as
a supplement consumed with food = 0.5 µg of a supplement taken
on an empty stomach.

SOURCES: Dietary Reference Intakes for
Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride
(1997);
Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiami
n, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid,
Biotin, and Choline
(1998);
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids
(2000);
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron,
Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel,
Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
(2001);
Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber,
Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids
(2002/2005); and Dietary Reference
Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D
(2011). These reports may be accessed via www.nap.edu.

結果 (中文) 1:

NOTE: An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirements of half of the healthy individuals in a group. EARs have not been established for vitamin K, pantothenic acid, biotin, choline, chromium, fluoride, manganese, or other nutrients not yet evaluated via the DRI process. a As retinol activity equivalents (RAEs). 1 RAE = 1 μg retinol, 12 μg β-carotene, 24 μg α-carotene, or 24 μg β-cryptoxanthin. The RAE for dietary provitamin A carotenoids is two-fold greater than retinol equivalents (RE), whereas the RAE for preformed vitamin A is the same as RE. bAs α-tocopherol. α-Tocopherol includes RRR-α-tocopherol, the only form of α-tocopherol that occurs naturally in foods, and the 2R-stereoisomeric forms of α-tocopherol (RRR-, RSR-, RRS-, and RSS-α-tocopherol) that occur in fortified foods and supplements. It does not include the 2S-stereoisomeric forms of α-tocopherol (SRR-, SSR-, SRS-, and SSS-α-tocopherol), also found in fortified foods and supplements. cAs niacin equivalents (NE). 1 mg of niacin = 60 mg of tryptophan. dAs dietary folate equivalents (DFE). 1 DFE = 1 µg food folate = 0.6 µg of folic acid from fortified food or as a supplement consumed with food = 0.5 µg of a supplement taken on an empty stomach. SOURCES: Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride(1997 年);膳食参考摄入量为 Thiami 的n，核黄素、 烟酸、 维生素 B6、 叶酸、 维生素 B12、 泛酸、生物素和胆碱(1998 年);膳食参考摄入量的维生素 C、 维生素 E、 硒、 类胡萝卜素(2000 年);维生素 A、 维生素 K、 砷、 硼、 铬、 铜、 碘、 铁、 膳食参考摄入量锰、 钼、 镍、硅、 钒和锌(2001 年);能量、 碳水化合物、 纤维、 膳食参考摄入量脂肪、 脂肪酸、 胆固醇、 蛋白质和氨基酸(2002年/2005 年);和膳食参考钙和维生素 D 的摄入量(2011 年).这些报告可能通过 www.nap.edu 访问。

結果 (中文) 3:

注：一个
估计平均需要量（EAR）是
平均每日营养摄入量估计ES
满足半
在一组健康人的要求。耳朵
尚未建立维生素K，
泛酸，生物素，胆碱，
铬，锰，氟，或其他营养物质
不是通过其过程未评估。
一
视黄醇活性当量（小）。1μRAE = 1 G 12 Gβμ视黄醇，β-胡萝卜素，24μGαβ-胡萝卜素，或24μGβ-隐黄质。膳食维生素A的类胡萝卜
类RAE是2倍大于
视黄醇当量（RE），而维生素A是一样重的RAE。B
作为αα-生育酚。α-生育酚包括
RRR -αα-生育酚，生育酚的α-天然存在于食品的唯一形式，和
2R
-立体异构形式的αα-生育酚（RRR，RSR，RRS
-，和
RSS -αα-生育酚）
在强化食品和苏
pplements发生。它并没有包括的
2S
-立体异构形式α-生育酚（
SRR -，SSR -，SRS
-，和
SSS -α-生育酚），还发现在强化食品和营养补充剂。C
烟酸当量（NE）。1毫克
烟酸= 60毫克色氨酸。D
作为膳食叶酸当量（DFE）。1 dfe＝1
µG食品叶酸＝0.6µG叶酸强化食品或
补充消耗食物= 0.5克µ补充了一个空的胃
。

来源：膳食参考摄入量
钙，磷，镁，维生素D，和氟化物
（1997年）；
膳食参考摄入量thiami
N，核黄素，烟酸，维生素B6，叶酸，维生素B12，泛酸酸，
生物素，胆碱
（1998）；
膳食参考摄入量维生素C，维生素E，硒，
（2000）和类胡萝卜素；
膳食参考摄入量的维生素A，维生素K，砷，硼，铬，铜，碘，铁，
锰，钼，镍，
硅，钒，锌
（2001）；
膳食参考摄入量为能量，碳水化合物，纤维，
脂肪，脂肪酸，胆固醇，蛋白质，氨基酸
（2002 / 2005）；膳食参考摄入量为钙和维生素D（2011）。这些报告可以通过www.nap.edu。