The initial series of experiments w

The initial series of experiments was carried out in two different
cells and employing two slightly different electrolytes but check
experiments indicated that, in general, the conclusions were the
same under both conditions. Table 1 reports the compounds studied
together with their effect on the deposit quality and, in some cases,
the current efficiency during a first charge/discharge cycle. The photographs
of the deposits in Fig. 2(A)–(D) are intended to illustratethe quality of the lead deposits obtained. In the absence of an additive,
see Fig. 2(C), the deposit is composed of intergrowing lead
crystallites; the layer is not completely uniform and some protrusions
towards the positive electrode are clearly visible. Many of the
compounds studied had little or no influence on the deposit quality.
A fewof the possible additives had the effect of making the deposit
quality worse and certainly unacceptable in a secondary battery;
this is illustrated in Fig. 2(D) where structured growths and/or dentrites
are clearly visible and the cross-sectional view shows that
the deposit is thicker and much less compact. Another group of the
compounds improved the deposit quality and typical deposits are
shown in Figs. 2(A) and (B). These included long chain tetraalkylammonium
cations, TritonTM X 100, BrijTM56, TyloxapolTM and
sodium ligninsulfonate. In the case of the best deposits, Fig. 2(A),
the crystallite size is smaller and more uniform and the deposit
appears uniform and free of protrusions over the entire surface.
The cross-sectional image shows that the deposit is thin and compact.
Interestingly, the current efficiency is acceptable for the first
charge/discharge cycle of the small battery with electrolytes containing
almost all the additives; not surprisingly, the exception is
the solution where bromine can be formed via oxidation of bromide
ions during charge.

結果 (中文) 3:

初步的实验系列进行了在两种不同的
细胞，采用两个稍微不同的电解质，但检查
实验表明，在一般情况下，在这两种情况下的结论是相同的
。表1报告他们对镀层质量的影响研究
化合物和，在某些情况下，
电流效率在第一次充电/放电循环。在图2的存款的照片
（一）–（D）是为了说明得到的铅沉积质量。在添加剂的情况下，
见图2（c），存款是由共生铅
微晶；层次不完全统一，一些突起
向正电极都清晰可见。许多的
化合物的研究已经对镀层质量很小或没有影响。
一些添加剂有可能使存款
质量差，当然不能接受一个二次电池的影响；
这是在图2（d）中的结构化的生长和/或树枝状
清晰可见且横截面来看，
押金是厚和更紧凑。另一组的
化合物改善镀层质量及典型矿床
示于图。2（a）和（b）。这些包括长链季铵盐阳离子
，tritontm x 100，brijtm56，tyloxapoltm和
木质素磺酸钠。在最好的情况下存款，图2（a），
晶粒尺寸更小、更均匀，存款
出现均匀无突起的整个表面。
横断面图像显示，存款薄而致密的
。有趣的是，电流效率是第一
充电/放电循环的小电池含有
几乎所有的添加剂的电解液可接受的；不奇怪的是，唯一的例外是
的解决方案，可以形成通过溴溴离子氧化
在充电。