Cells (1×105) were plated in 24 well plates and transfected with MACC1 promoter-driven luciferase constructs or control (pGL3-Basic) luciferase constructs and pRL-TK Renilla control plasmid using Lipofectamine 2000. Cells were harvested 24 hours after transfection. Firefly and Renilla luciferase activities were measured using a dual luciferase kit (Promega). The firefly luciferase data for each sample was normalized based on transfection efficiency as measured by Renilla luciferase activity.