摘要：生态系统理论是国外社会工作领域中一个重要的实务理论，其从一般的系

摘要：生态系统理论是国外社会工作领域中一个重要的实务理论，其从一般的系统理论发展而来，与社会工作专业所坚持的“人在环境中”的观点一致。主要针对社会工作领域中“社会”的缺失，关注个人与环境、其他人的互动，强调要理解个人在家庭、团体、组织及社区中的社会生活功能。许多传统理论认为人进入老年期后不再需要继续进行社会化，而传统的社会观念也认为老年人在心理生理上已经达到完全成熟，处于较高层次的社会地位，发挥着教化教导功能。然而随着时代的发展与社会的进步，证实了老年人仍需要继续进行社会化，并且进一步适应自身在生活环境的不同系统层次之间的角色转换，完成进一步的自我认知。而处在退休阶段的老年人对角色转换的需要更加迫切，其心理需求在其身心发展过程中也发生着不断地变化，其中归属与爱的需求、尊重的需求与自我实现的需求显著增加。这对开展老年期的社会工作有很大的帮助。通过生态系统理论了解退休阶段的老年人的角色转换，为老年社会工作提供一定的理论意见，以期改善老年人的社会功能，提高老年人的生活质量，使其有更好的社会适应能力。

結果 (英文) 1:

Summary: ecological systems theory is an important practice in the field of social work theory in foreign countries, coming from the development of general systems theory, and social work professionals adhere to the "people in the environment" point of view. Mainly for social work in the field of "social" lack of focus on personal interaction with the environment, others, stressed the need to understand individuals in families, groups, organizations and social functions in the community. After reaching old age with many traditional theory is that people no longer need continued socialization, but also believes that the elderly in traditional social psychology have reached full physiological maturity, at a relatively high level of social status plays an enlightenment teaching features. However, with the development of the times and social progress, confirmed that older people still need continued socialization, and further adapted their living environment between the different levels of role-reversal, further self-awareness. In the retirement phase of the more urgent needs on the role of older persons, their psychological need in the course of their physical and mental development are changing constantly, belonging and love needs, respect and self-actualization needs a significant increase in demand. This social work has been a great help in old age. Through ecological systems theory to understand the retirement phase of the role of the elderly, for elderly social work provides some theoretical views, with a view to improving the social function of the elderly, improving the quality of life, making it a better social adaptation.

結果 (英文) 2:

Abstract: Ecosystem theory is an area of ​​social work abroad is an important practical theory, which evolved from the general systems theory, and social work profession adhere to the view "people in the environment," the same. The main areas of work for the society is missing "society", concerns the individual and the environment, interact with others, he stressed the need to understand the individual features of social life in the family, groups, organizations and communities. Many of the traditional theory is that after people enter old age is no longer necessary to continue the socialization, and traditional social values ​​that the elderly also on psychophysiological has reached full maturity, at a higher level of social status plays an enlightenment teaching function. However, with the development and social progress of the times, the elderly still need to confirm the continued socialization and further adapt their role in the system between different levels of the living environment of the conversion to complete the further self-awareness. The elderly in the retirement stage of role reversal more urgent needs, the psychological needs of their physical and mental development also occurs in the course of the constantly changing, of which a significant increase in demand for home and love and respect for the needs and self-realization. This is carried out in old age social work of great help. By understanding the role of ecosystem theory elderly retirement phase conversion, providing a theoretical advice to Senior Social Work, in order to improve social function in the elderly, improve the quality of life of older people to have better social adaptability.

結果 (英文) 3:

Abstract: the ecological system theory is an important theory in the field of social work practice in foreign countries, from the system theory and the general development, and social work professionals adhere to the "people in the environment" view. Mainly in the field of social work in the field of "social", the lack of attention to the individual and the environment, other people's interaction, stressed the need to understand the individual in the family, groups, organizations and communities in the social life function. Many people think that the traditional theory into old age no longer need to continue socialization, and traditional social values that the elderly in psychological physiology has reached full maturity at a higher level, social status, education plays a function of teaching. However, with the development of the times and social progress, that old people still need to continue to adapt to the society, and further transform its role in between the different levels of the system of living environment, further self cognition. In the retirement stage of the old people to the role transformation of the more urgent, the psychological needs in their physical and mental development process has also undergone a change, which belonging and love needs, esteem needs and self actualization needs increased significantly. This is very helpful to carry out social work in the elderly. The theory of ecological system understanding the transformation stage of the old people retirement role, to provide theoretical views as a social work for the elderly, in order to improve the social function of the elderly, to improve the quality of life of the elderly, so it has better ability to adapt to society.