OSWER (2010)also noted that manufacturers needed to design cell phones for refurbishment and recycling with standardized components,simplification of internal software, and reduction of toxic cell phone components. The mobile industry’s pioneering switchto batteries with a higher-energy density has also produced environmental benefits. For example, power cells currently in use require fewer resources during manufacture, and avoid the use of toxic metals such as lead and cadmium. This makesthe batteries much safer during the recycling and disposal processes.