In total, 2,473 cows (843 primiparous and 1,630 multiparous) were considered for the analyses (Figure 2; Table 1). The percentages of cows having VDS-0, VDS- 1, VDS-2, and VDS-3 were 50.2% (1,241/2,473), 27.7% (684/2,473), 13.3% (330/2,473), and 8.8 %(218/2,473), respectively. The prevalence of PVD (VDS-2 and VDS- 3) was 22.2% (548/2,473). Parity had an effect (P = 0.001) on the prevalence of PVD with primiparous cows having a higher prevalence (26.2%; 221/843) of PVD compared with multiparous cows (20.1%; 327/1,630).