Given a lack of research on strategic frameworks and environmental standards, the primary objective of this study is to explore the implications of ISO 14001 adoption within supply chains. The aim is to build theory in sustainability and supply chain management. Before exploring the factors that influence the decision to adopt the international environmental standard, we first review the relevant literature regarding ISO 14001 standards. We then reveal insights from multiple site visits and develop several research propositions. Finally, the article concludes with an evaluation of ISO 14001 and its benefits, and offers suggestions on how sustainable supply chain theory should be expanded for future research.