Table 1 shows studies demonstrating or suggesting instability and chaosindevelopmentofsoils.Thisisnottoimplythatallstudiesapplyingsuchmethodsfindevidenceofdivergence(see,e.g., Ryzhova, 1996; Phillips,2016a).Most do(Table1), but this is large because many of the earlier studies were specifically looking for evidence of chaotic pedogenesis, and many others applied the methods to cases where observed soil complexity could not be readily explained otherwise.