All of the assessment procedures were performed by the same physiotherapist (NU) who was blinded to the US measurements. The Turkish version of the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) was used to assess pain severity and related features. It consists of 11 items in the sensory dimension and 4 items in the emotional dimension. Patients have to identify their pain quality as none, mild, average, or severe. The sensory and affective scores are calculated by adding the sensory and affective intensity scores. The total score is the sum of the intensity scores. SF-MPQ also includes a visual analogue scale (VAS) for measuring the severity of pain. The total score is evaluated using a 6-point Likert-type scale (0 = no pain to 5 = intolerable pain). The Turkish version of Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) was used to measure the patients’ quality of life (QoL) from their own perspectives. This scale has 6 dimensions including 38 questions. It evaluates pain, physical mobility, emotional reactions, energy, social isolation and sleep. A higher score shows worse influence of QoL.The Turkish version of the Neck Disability Index (NDI) was used to assess disability. Active neck range of motion (ROM) was measured with a universal goniometer in the sitting position. The Turkish version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to measure the presence andlevel of depression