Students must have expertise in scientific knowledge and practices related to the socio- scientific topic being researched to take educated action in science (Kolsto, 2001). The- ories of expertise describe how novices incorporate new knowledge with prior knowledge to gradually become experts in their domain (Chi et al., 2014; Sawyer, 2011). We must consider helping students to be able to mix diverse specialities, adapt to changes, grow their knowledge, and become skilled in multiple disciplines or at the very least be able to apply systems thinking. With increasing complexity in today’s wicked problems, stu- dents need to be trained to be cognitively flexible. This flexibility can distinguish further as the developing of adaptive expertise. Holyoak (2011) characterised adaptive experts as capable of drawing on their knowledge to invent new procedures for solving unique or novel problems, rather than simply applying already mastered procedures. This flexible, innovative use of information in unique settings is primarily attributable to adaptive specialists’ higher capacity in systems thinking, which allows them to build and adjust their knowledge structures-based experiences from problem-solving situations (Brans- ford et al., 2000; Hatano & Inagaki, 1984).