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IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry
In chemical nomenclature, the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended[1] by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). It is published in the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (informally called the Blue Book). Ideally, every possible organic compound should have a name from which an unambiguous structural formula can be created. There is also an IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry.

For ordinary communication, to spare a tedious description, the official IUPAC naming recommendations are not always followed in practice, except when it is necessary to give an unambiguous and absolute definition to a compound, or when the IUPAC name is simpler (e.g. ethanol instead of ethyl alcohol). Otherwise the common or trivial name may be used, often derived from the source of the compound (see below). In addition, very long names may be less concise than structural formulae.

Basic principles Edit

In chemistry, a number of prefixes, suffixes and infixes are used to describe the type and position of functional groups in the compound.

The steps for naming an organic compound are:

Identification of the parent hydrocarbon chain. This chain must obey the following rules, in order of precedence:
It should have the maximum number of substituents of the suffix functional group. By suffix, it is meant that the parent functional group should have a suffix, unlike halogen substituents. If more than one functional group is present, the one with highest precedence should be used.
It should have the maximum number of multiple bonds
It should have the maximum number of single bonds.
It should have the maximum length.
Identification of the parent functional group, if any, with the highest order of precedence.
Identification of the side-chains. Side chains are the carbon chains that are not in the parent chain, but are branched off from it.
Identification of the remaining functional groups, if any, and naming them by their ionic prefixes (such as hydroxy for -OH, oxy for =O, oxyalkane for O-R, etc.).
Different side-chains and functional groups will be grouped together in alphabetical order. (The prefixes di-, tri-, etc. are not taken into consideration for grouping alphabetically. For example, ethyl comes before dihydroxy or dimethyl, as the "e" in "ethyl" precedes the "h" in "dihydroxy" and the "m" in "dimethyl" alphabetically. The "di" is not considered in either case). When both side chains and secondary functional groups are present, they should be written mixed together in one group rather than in two separate groups.
Identification of double/triple bonds.
Numbering of the chain. This is done by first numbering the chain in both directions (left to right and right to left), and then choosing the numbering which follows these rules, in order of precedence
Has the lowest-numbered locant (or locants) for the suffix functional group. Locants are the numbers on the carbons to which the substituent is directly attached.
Has the lowest-numbered locants for multiple bonds (The locant of a multiple bond is the number of the adjacent carbon with a lower number).
Has the lowest-numbered locants for prefixes.
Numbering of the various substituents and bonds with their locants. If there is more than one of the same type of substituent/double bond, a prefix is added showing how many there are ( di – 2 tri – 3 tetra – 4 then as for the number of carbons below with 'a' added)
The numbers for that type of side chain will be grouped in ascending order and written before the name of the side-chain. If there are two side-chains with the same alpha carbon, the number will be written twice. Example: 2,2,3-trimethyl- . If there are both double bonds and triple bonds, "en" (double bond) is written before "yne" (triple bond). When the main functional group is a terminal functional group (A group which can only exist at the end of a chain, like formyl and carboxyl groups), there is no need to number it.

Arrangement in this form: Group of side chains and secondary functional groups with numbers made in step 3 + prefix of parent hydrocarbon chain (eth, meth) + double/triple bonds with numbers (or "ane") + primary functional group suffix with numbers.
Wherever it says "with numbers", it is understood that between the word and the numbers, the prefix(di-, tri-) is used.
Adding of punctuation:
Commas are put between numbers (2 5 5 becomes 2,5,5)
Hyphens are put between a number and a letter (2 5 5 trimethylheptane becomes 2,5,5-trimethylheptane)
Successive words are merged into one word (trimethyl heptane becomes trimethylheptane)
Note: IUPAC uses one-word names throughout. This is why all parts are connected.
The finalized name should look like this:
#,#-di-#--#--#,#,#-tri

結果 (中文) 3:

打开主菜单编辑观看这一页有机化学命名法化学命名法，有机化学的命名是一个命名有机化合物作为推荐[ 1 ]由国际纯粹与应用化学系统的方法（IUPAC）。它被出版在有机化学的命名（非正式地称为蓝色的书）。理想的情况下，每一个可能的有机化合物都应该有一个名字，可以创建一个明确的结构公式。也有无机化学命名。对于普通的通信，腾出一个冗长的描述，官方的IUPAC命名的建议并不总是遵循在实践中，除了必要的时候给一个明确的和绝对的定义的化合物，或当IUPAC名称简单（例如乙醇代替酒精）。否则，通常来自该化合物的源（见下文）的共同或平凡的名称。此外，很长的名字可能是不太简洁比结构式。基本原则编辑在化学上，一些前缀、后缀和中缀是用来描述型和化合物中的官能团的位置。命名有机化合物的步骤是：母烃链的识别。这条链必须遵循以下规则，以优先顺序：它应具有的最大数目的取代基的后缀官能团。通过后缀，它意味着母函数群应该有一个后缀，不像卤素取。如果有一个以上的功能组，则应该使用最高优先级的一个。它应该有最多数量的多个债券它应该有最多数量的单一债券。它应该有最大长度。父功能组的标识，如果有的话，以优先级最高。侧链识别。侧链的碳链，不在父链，但从它的分支。鉴定剩余的官能团，如，命名他们的离子的前缀（如羟基-哦，氧= O，为你，等oxyalkane）。不同的侧链和官能团将按字母顺序排列在一起。（前缀的二，三，等不考虑分组按字母顺序。例如，乙先于二羟基或二，为“E”中的“乙”先于“H”中的“羟基”和“M”中的“二”字母。“地”在任何情况下都不考虑。当两个侧链和二次官能团的存在，他们应该被写在一组中，而不是在2个单独的组。双重/三重债的识别。链编号。这是通过在两个方向（左至右，左），然后选择的编号遵循这些规则，以优先顺序排列的链中的优先顺序具有最低编号的位次（或位次）为后缀的功能组。位次是数字上的取代基碳原子直接相连。具有最低编号的多重键的位次（一个键的位次较低数量的相邻的碳原子数）。具有最低编号的位次为前缀。各种取代基的位次和债券编号。如果有一个相同类型的取代基/双键，一个前缀被添加示出有多少有（二- 2 -三- 3 - 4四-然后作为碳的数量与'一'添加）侧链的类型将以提升顺序分组，并在侧链的名称前写上。如果有两个侧链相同的α-碳，数量将写两次。例如：2,2,3-trimethyl—。如果有一个双键和三键，“en”（双键）是以前写“炔”（三键）。当主功能组是一个终端功能组（A组，只能存在于链，最后像甲酰基和羧基），没有必要去数它。这种形式的安排：侧链与母烃链步骤3 +前缀的数量级功能组（ETH，甲基）+双/三键数（或“电子”）+主要官能团数。无论它说“随数”，它被理解的字和数字，前缀（二-，三）被使用。标点符号：把数字之间有逗号（2 5 5成为2,5,5）把一个数字和一个字母之间的连字符（2 5 5 trimethylheptane成为2,5,5-trimethylheptane）连续词合并成一个字（三甲基庚烷成为trimethylheptane）注意：在使用一个字的名字命名。这就是为什么所有的部分都连接。最后的名字应该是这样的：#，# -二＜侧链> - # - <二功能组> - # - < > - #侧链，#，#三＜二功能组> <母链的前缀> <如果