尽管美国学者对于教练员评价目的的表述各有侧重，但是归纳起来无非是形成性

尽管美国学者对于教练员评价目的的表述各有侧重，但是归纳起来无非是形成性目的（formative purpose）和总结(stumative purpose)。美国的教练员评价以形成性目的为主，教练员评价的目的在于改进。而不在于证明。评价原则主要遵循多元化原则(主体、评价方法和资料来源、评价对象多元化)和主体性原则，将反馈评价后的辅导 以及教练员的反思置于重要地位。美国推行“标准本位的教练员评价”，其标准主要有专业能力、训练能力、运动队管理、运动员评价、训练表现、人际沟通、专业成长和人格特质8项。在具体评价方法上包括训练课现察、运动员成就、档案袋、同行评价等。其中专业精神分为硬软两个方面：硬的方面，是指在武术教练岗位所必须履行的职业功能；软的方面包含了建立在前者基础之上的职业道德、职业操守和奉献精神。

結果 (英文) 1:

Although United States scholars aim for coaches to evaluate expressions have different emphases, but summed up in nothing but formative purposes (formative purpose) and the sum (stumative purpose). United States coach evaluations for formative purposes, aimed at improving the evaluation of coaches. And not intended to prove. Evaluation principle follows the principles of pluralism (subject and object methods and sources of information, evaluation) and the subjective principle, feedback of the counselling, as well as coaches reflect on importance. United States implementation of the "evaluation standards standard coaches", the main criteria of professional skills, training skills, management, performance evaluation, training of athletes, sports teams, professional growth and interpersonal communication personality traits on 8. In terms of specific evaluation methods including training sessions to observe, athletes ' achievements, portfolios, peer review, etc. Professionalism is divided into two aspects of hard and soft: hard aspect refers to the martial arts instructor position must be carried out by professional soft aspects included the establishment of the former on the basis of professional ethics, integrity and dedication.

結果 (英文) 2:

Although US scholars express coaches have focused on the purpose of the evaluation, but summed up in nothing more than a formative purpose (formative purpose) and summary (stumative purpose). American coaches evaluation purposes to form the main purpose is to improve the evaluation of coaches. Without that proof. The main evaluation principles to follow the principle of pluralism (subject, evaluation methods and data sources, evaluated diversification) and the main principles, reflect the feedback evaluation after counseling and coaches placed in an important position. United States to implement "standards-based evaluation of coaches" whose standards are professional competence, training ability, team management, player evaluation, training, performance, interpersonal communication, professional growth, and personality traits 8. In the specific evaluation methods including the training courses are now observed, athlete achievement, Portfolio, peer evaluation. Where professionalism is divided into hard and soft two aspects: the hard aspects, refers to the martial arts coaching positions must fulfill occupational functioning; soft aspects including the establishment of the former on the basis of professional ethics, professional ethics and dedication.

結果 (英文) 3:

Although American scholars have different emphasis to coaches for the purpose of evaluation of expressions, but summed up simply aim at formation (formative purpose) and summary (stumative purpose). Evaluation America coaches to form the purpose, the purpose of the evaluation is to improve the coaches. But is not proof. The evaluation principle is mainly guided by the principle of diversification (subject, evaluation methods and data sources, the diversification of evaluation objects) and the principle of subjectivity, reflection in an important position feedback evaluation after the counseling and coach. The implementation of "USA coaches evaluation standard" standard, the standard is mainly professional ability, training ability,Sports team management, performance evaluation, training athletes, interpersonal communication, professional development and personality traits of 8. Including training class observation, the athletes achievement, portfolio, peer evaluation in specific evaluation methods. The professional spirit is divided into hard and soft two aspects: hard, refers to the occupation function to perform in the martial arts coach position; soft hand contains founded on the former occupation morals, occupation ethics and dedication.