Monophyletic formulations of the crustacean total group (stem group and crown group Eucrustacea) have been proposed by Waloszek and colleagues (Waloszek et al., 2007 and papers cited therein), drawing heavily on Cambrian fossils from ‘Orsten’preservation. Schram and Koenemann (2004) critiqued the traditional diagnostic features of Crustacea, concluded that none are straightforward (e.g., second antennae), and the group is likely to be non-monophyletic. Their morphology-based cladistic analysis (Schram and Koene- mann, 2004, fig. 19.9) conforms to most molecular phylogenies in resolving insects within a paraphyletic crustacean grade, indeed being allied to Branchiopoda as in many sequence-based analyses