InstrumentationMotor skills. Motor skills were measured using the South Carolina Physical Education Assessment Program (SCPEAP) for Elementary School Educational Gymnastics (second and fifth grades) and four individual skills tests. The SCPEAP was originally formed to provide the South Carolina Department of Education with a valid and reli- able assessment of physical education programs. SCPEAP materi- als were continually piloted and revised before their inclusion in the program and continually revised with teacher experience over more than 10 years (SCPEAP, 2010). The elementary school assessments were selected for this study because they most closely aligned with the content taught in the educational gymnastics course. Having each taught the educational gymnastics course in the past and used SCPEAP or similar assessments with university-level students, the researcher and one other expert in educational gymnastics deter- mined this instrument to be valid with this population. The mo- tor skills tests were divided into three stages. Stage 1 consisted of four individual skills. Stage 2 followed the SCPEAP second grade